Worksheet – 19 PP Publication

A. Tick the correct option:

1. A woman Upanishadic thinker:
   (a) Urmila
   (b) Jabali
   ✔ (c) Gargi
   (d) Satyakama
2. Monks and nuns lived in
   ✔ (a) Caves
   (b) Huts
   (c) Under trees
   (d) Houses
3. The tribals of Tamil Nadu who avoid pointing to 30 peaks of the Nilgiris with a finger:
   (a) Adiyan
   (b) Kadar
   (c) Kanikar
   ✔ (d) Toda
4. In Eastern India, the Munda and Santhal tribals worship
   (a) Khandoba
   (b) Donyipolo
   (c) the Sun
   ✔ (d) Singbonga
5. In both Buddhism and Jainism, it means refraining from violence in thought:
   (a) Non-violence
   ✔ (b) Ahimsa
   (c) Peace
   (d) Non-tormented

B. Fill in the blanks:

1. A tribe is a group of families or clans sharing a tradition of common descent, a culture and a language.
2. In the 19th century, anthropologists studying tribes often described them as ‘primitive’ or ‘inferior’.
3. According to tradition, Jagannath, worshipped at Puri, was originally a tribal deity.
4. Vedanta and Yoga are among the best known schools of thought.
5. Buddhism and Jainism departed from the authority of the Vedas.

C. State whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F):

1. Tribal belief systems and art have interacted with Hinduism for millenniums.
   ✅ True
2. There is no interaction between folk and tribal tradition.
   ✅ False
3. The Vedic, Buddhist and Jain schools had no differences.
   ✅ False
4. In English, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism are ‘belief systems’.
   ✅ True
5. Many scholars agree that the word ‘religion’ is too limiting in the context of the Indian civilisation.
   ✅ True

D. Short Answer Questions:

1. Name any two Indian states and the countries where Buddhism is a major religion even today.
   • States: Bihar and Maharashtra
   • Countries: Sri Lanka and Thailand
2. After how long did Vardhamana achieve supreme wisdom and become Mahavira? How did he enlighten the people with his great ideas?
   • Vardhamana achieved supreme wisdom after 12 years of ascetic discipline. He became Mahāvīra and enlightened people by teaching values such as ahimsa, anekāntavāda, and aparigraha.
3. Jainism insists on the interconnectedness and interdependence of all creatures. Discuss.
   • Jainism teaches that all living beings, from humans to invisible organisms, depend on one another for survival. This belief emphasizes non-violence, mutual respect, and living in harmony with nature.
4. What is the difference between monasteries and caves where ascetics lived?
   • Monasteries were formal institutions created for teaching and learning. Caves, on the other hand, were natural or man-made shelters in rocks used by ascetics for solitary spiritual practice.
5. Schools of thought like Charvaka disappeared with time. Why?
   • Schools like Charvaka did not gain wide acceptance as they denied the existence of life after death and spiritual aspects. Due to lack of support and written tradition, they gradually disappeared.

E. Long Answer Questions:

1. Along with important differences, the Vedic, Buddhist and Jain schools also shared some common concepts. What are those concepts?
   • Common concepts include:
     • Dharma (righteous conduct)
     • Karma (action and its consequences)
     • Rebirth
     • Ahimsa (non-violence)
     • Search for truth and end of suffering
2. For Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism, the phrase ‘schools of thought’ should be preferred in place of ‘religions’. Why?
   • Because these traditions involve philosophical, spiritual, ethical, and social aspects, and not just ritual or belief. The term ‘religion’ is too narrow to describe their diversity and depth.
3. What similar concepts do the folk, tribal and Hindu belief systems have?
   • All three:
     • Regard nature as sacred
     • Believe in a supreme divinity
     • Emphasize spiritual connection with elements like rivers, trees, animals, mountains
4. Describe the following terms briefly:
   • Ahimsa: Non-violence in thought, word, and deed
   • Anekāntavāda: Truth has many sides or perspectives
   • Aparigraha: Non-possession; living with only what is necessary

F. Read the paragraph and answer the questions:

“The thousands of castes and tribes on the Indian subcontinent have influenced each other in their religious beliefs and practices since the beginning of history and before. That the tribal religions have been influenced by Hinduism is widely accepted, but it is equally true that Hinduism, not only in its formative phase but throughout its evolution, has been influenced by tribal religions.”

1. Whose lines are these?
   • André Béteille
2. Who has influenced whom?
   • Tribal religions have influenced Hinduism and vice versa.
3. What do you conclude?
   • There has been a mutual exchange of ideas, practices, and beliefs between tribal and mainstream Indian belief systems, leading to cultural enrichment.

G. Identify the given picture and describe it briefly, discussing the following points:

1. What does the picture depict?
The picture depicts the rock-cut caves at Ellora, which include Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain temples and monasteries carved into the hillside.

2. Its exact location
The Ellora Caves are located near the village of Ellora (Verul), about 30 km from Aurangabad, in the state of Maharashtra, India.

3. Its period
The caves were carved between the 6th and 10th centuries CE. They reflect the religious harmony and architectural excellence of ancient India.

Worksheet 17 PP Publication

A. Fill in the blanks using appropriate words:

1. The word “Veda” comes from the Sanskrit word vid which means knowledge.
2. The Vedas consist of thousands of hymns.
3. The Vedic hymns were composed by rishis and rishikas.
4. The last verses of the Rig Veda also call for unity among people.
5. A group of texts known as Upanishads built upon Vedic concepts.

B. State whether the following statements are True or False:

1. The Vedas are the most ancient texts in the world.
   ✅ True
2. The hymns were composed in the Vidarbha region.
   ❌ False (They were composed in the Sapta Sindhava region)
3. The hymns were in a written form.
   ❌ False (They were recited orally)
4. The Vedic hymns were in an early form of Sanskrit language.
   ✅ True
5. The Vedic schools of thought became the foundation of Hinduism.
   ✅ True

C. Match the following:

D. Very Short Answer Questions:

1. What are the Vedas?
   They are the most ancient texts of India, consisting of hymns that form the basis of Indian knowledge traditions.
2. Who composed the Vedas?
   The rishis and rishikas (male and female seers).
3. What do the last mantras (verses) of the Rig Veda call for?
   They call for unity of purpose, speech, and thought among people.
4. Make a list of professions mentioned in the Vedic texts.
   Agriculturist, weaver, potter, builder, carpenter, healer, dancer, barber, priest.
5. Name a school of thought that grew out of the Vedas.
   Vedanta or Yoga.

E. Short Answer Questions:

1. In which language were the Vedic hymns composed and to whom were they addressed? Name all those deities.
   • Composed in early Sanskrit.
   • Addressed to Indra, Agni, Varuṇa, Mitra, Sarasvatī, Uṣhas, and more.
2. Name all the four Vedas. What do the Vedas consist of?
   • Ṛig Veda, Yajur Veda, Sāma Veda, Atharva Veda
   • They consist of thousands of hymns.
3. In 2008, UNESCO recognised Vedic chanting as ‘a masterpiece’. Why?
   Because of its meticulous oral transmission over thousands of years without written texts.
4. How many Janas are listed in the Rig Veda? List any five of them.
   • Over 30 janas.
   • Examples: Bharatas, Purus, Kurus, Yadus, Turvaśhas
5. What is Atman? Where was this concept introduced?
   • Atman is the divine self within every being.
   • Introduced in the Upanishads.

F. Long Answer Questions:

1. What do the Vedas consist of? Where and when were the Vedas composed?
   • Vedas consist of hymns, songs, and prayers.
   • Composed orally in the Sapta Sindhava region, between 5th and 2nd millennium BCE.
2. Write a note in detail on Vedic culture and Vedic schools of thought.
   • Vedic culture involved rituals (yajña), hymns, social organisation in janas.
   • Schools like Vedanta, Yoga emerged later, emphasizing unity with brahman, ātman, karma, rebirth, and truth as a divine essence.

G. Complete the hymns/verses:

1. ekam sat vipra bahudha vadanti…
   “The Existent is one, but sages call it by many names.”
2. Come together, speak together; common be your mind, may your…
   “United be your purpose, united may your thoughts agree.”
3. Aham brahmāsmi
   “I am brahman” (I am divine)
4. Tat tvam asi…
   “You are That“

Worksheet 11 P.P. Publication

Multiple Choice Questions

A. Tick the correct option

1. Another name for modern humans is
   (a) Australopithecus
   (b) Homo Erectus
   (c) Neanderthal
   (d) Homo Sapiens
   Answer: (d) Homo Sapiens
2. The last Ice Age lasted from over one lakh years ago to around
   (a) 10,000 years ago
   (b) 12,000 years ago
   (c) 14,000 years ago
   (d) 16,000 years ago
   Answer: (b) 12,000 years ago
3. When communities grew, who became responsible for the well-being of the people and communities?
   (a) Chieftains
   (b) Prime Minister
   (c) Ministers
   (d) President
   Answer: (a) Chieftains
4. A small settlement where man started living:
   (a) a village
   (b) a hut
   (c) a hamlet
   (d) a cave
   Answer: (c) a hamlet
5. Modern humans have walked the planet for about
   (a) 100,000 years
   (b) 200,000 years
   (c) 300,000 years
   (d) 400,000 years
   Answer: (c) 300,000 years

B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words

1. Early man faced many challenges from nature or groups.
2. Our early ancestors had certain beliefs of afterlife.
3. Sources of history help us reconstruct and interpret historical events.
4. Lands were collectively sowed and harvested.
5. Man used metals like copper first and later iron to make pottery.

C. State whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F)

1. There are different ways of measuring time: years, decades, centuries and millennia.
   True
2. In the early period, there was no sense of individual ownership.
   True
3. The first metal man learnt to use was iron.
   False
4. As communities grew, so did their social complexity.
   True
5. Early man relied on hunting and collecting edible plants and fruits for their survival.
   True

D. Match the items in Column A with those in Column B

E. Very Short Answer Questions

1. What did early humans rely on?
   → Hunting and gathering.
2. Where did early humans find shelter?
   → In caves, rock shelters, or temporary camps.
3. What did they use fire for?
   → For warmth, protection, and cooking.
4. What made their lives better?
   → The use of tools and improved objects like axes and blades.
5. Where are their aspects of life visible?
   → In rock paintings in caves.

F. Short Answer Questions

1. How did early humans get their food? What were the different sources?
   → By hunting animals and gathering fruits and edible plants.
2. What were the beliefs and notions of early humans? (HOTS)
   → Beliefs about nature, afterlife, and supernatural elements.
3. Where did early humans take shelter and why?
   → In caves or shelters for protection from harsh environments.
4. What tools and weapons did early humans use?
   → Stone axes, blades, arrowheads, later copper and iron tools.
5. Why is the period from over 100,000 to 12,000 years ago called the Ice Age?
   → Because the Earth was covered with ice and the climate was very cold.

G. Long Answer Questions

1. What improvements took place in human life after the Ice Age?
   → Humans started agriculture, settled near rivers, domesticated animals, and formed communities. Technologies like pottery and metal tools appeared.
2. How did humans learn to work in community? Why didn’t they believe in individual ownership?
   → They cooperated for survival. Land and resources were shared for collective welfare.
3. Explain: “Slowly, networks of communication and exchange were established among those villages.” (HOTS)
   → As villages developed, they started exchanging food, clothes, tools, etc., forming connections that led to the rise of towns and trade.

H. Assertion and Reason Questions

1.

• Assertion: Communities grew in size and number, and settled down near rivers.
• Reason: The availability of water and fertile soil made the process of growing crops easier.
  Answer: (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

2.

• Assertion: Leaders or chieftains were responsible for the well-being of the people, and everyone collectively worked towards the community’s welfare.
• Reason: Social complexity grew with the growth of communities.
  Answer: (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

Worksheet 11 P.P. Publication

✅ A. Tick the correct option (MCQs):

1. Historians who study the physical features of the Earth:
   (a) Anthropologists
   (b) Geologists ✅
   (c) Archaeologists
   (d) Palaeontologists
2. It helps in understanding the order in which historical events took place:
   (a) A calendar
   (b) An era
   (c) A timeline ✅
   (d) Panchanga
3. Those who study ancient inscriptions are called:
   (a) Epigraphists ✅
   (b) Archaeologists
   (c) Anthropologists
   (d) Geologists
4. In the last 50 years or so, these have been contributing more and more to the reconstruction of the past:
   (a) Literature
   (b) Languages
   (c) Newspapers
   (d) Scientific studies ✅
5. The third century BCE would include the years….
   (a) 200 to 300 BCE
   (b) 200 to 301 BCE
   (c) 300 to 302 BCE
   (d) 300 to 201 BCE ✅

✅ B. State whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F):

1. Century is any period of 1000 years. – False ❌
2. The plural of ‘millennium’ is ‘millennia’. – True ✅
3. Panchanga precisely predicts solar and lunar eclipses. – True ✅
4. The birth of Jesus occurred before that of Buddha. – False ❌
5. Historians take great care to gather information. – True ✅

✅ C. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. Many Indian calendars rely on the positions of the sun and the moon.
2. A panchanga precisely predicts solar and lunar eclipses.
3. We are currently in the 3rd millennium CE, which began in 2001 CE and will go up to 3000 CE.
4. A person who studies and writes about the past is called a historian.
5. National Museum in New Delhi preserves objects from the past.

✅ D. Match the following:

✅ E. Short Answer Questions:

1. What are the sources of history? Name any three.
   → Sources are objects or texts that help us learn about the past.
   Examples: Coins, Inscriptions, Manuscripts.
2. What type of information do the following provide?
   (a) Old coins – About the economy, rulers, and art.
   (b) Pottery – About daily life and trade.
   (c) Inscriptions – Details of rulers, events, and laws.
3. Who contributes to the various sources of history? Name any four categories of people.
   → Historians, Archaeologists, Epigraphists, Anthropologists.
4. History is re-created by historians. Why?
   → Because they gather and interpret information from different sources to understand the past.

✅ F. Long Answer Questions:

1. How can you prove that scientific studies have been contributing to the reconstruction of the past?
   → Scientific studies like genetics, climate analysis, and chemical testing of materials have provided deep insights.
   Example: DNA analysis of ancient human remains gives us information about migrations and health.
2. What is jigsaw piece match? Explain.
   → Like a puzzle, different historical sources fit together to give a clearer picture of the past. When multiple sources confirm the same fact, it’s called a jigsaw match. If they contradict, historians must verify which is reliable.

✅ G. Case Study:

Paragraph Summary:

(About Gregorian Calendar, CE/BCE, no ‘year zero’, how to calculate years between BCE and CE)

1. How will you calculate the number of years between a BCE date and a CE date?
   → Add both years and subtract 1.
   (Example: 560 BCE to 2026 CE → 560 + 2026 – 1 = 2585 years)
2. Give the full forms of:
   (a) AD – Anno Domini
   (b) BC – Before Christ
   (c) BCE – Before Common Era
3. Suppose you are in the year 2026 CE. How many years ago was the Buddha born?
   → 560 + 2026 – 1 = 2585 years ago
4. Find a word from the above paragraph which means the same as ‘agreed upon’.
   → Conventional
5. What other abbreviation is used for AD?
   → CE (Common Era)

✅ H. Draw a timeline:

Instruction:
Draw a straight line with labels at the following points:

• 560 BCE – Birth of Buddha
• 1 BCE
• 1 CE
• 1947 CE – India’s Independence
• 2025 CE – Present
• Future (leave space or add label like “3000 CE?”)