8. TRANSITION AND INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS

2. Answer the following

vi. What are the stable oxidation states of plutonium, cerium, manganese, Europium ?

Answer:-

The stable oxidation states of plutonium (Pu), cerium (Ce), manganese (Mn), and europium (Eu) can vary depending on the compound and the conditions, but I can provide you with some common oxidation states for these elements:

  1. Plutonium (Pu):

    • Plutonium can exhibit a range of oxidation states, with the most common stable oxidation states being +3, +4, +5, and +6.
    • Pu(III) is common in some compounds.
    • Pu(IV) is stable in many Pu compounds, such as PuO2.
    • Pu(V) and Pu(VI) are less common but still observed in certain compounds under specific conditions.
  2. Cerium (Ce):

    • Cerium typically exhibits stable oxidation states of +3 and +4.
    • Ce(III) is the most common oxidation state in cerium compounds.
    • Ce(IV) is less common but is found in some cerium compounds, such as ceric oxide (CeO2).
  3. Manganese (Mn):

    • Manganese has a wide range of oxidation states, with the most common stable states being +2, +3, +4, +6, and +7.
    • Mn(II) is commonly found in various manganese compounds.
    • Mn(III) is stable in some compounds as well.
    • Mn(IV) is found in compounds like manganese dioxide (MnO2).
    • Mn(VI) and Mn(VII) are less common but can be observed in certain compounds under specific conditions.
  4. Europium (Eu):

    • Europium is most commonly found in the +2 oxidation state (Eu(II)).
    • Eu(III) is also a stable oxidation state and is found in some europium compounds.

It’s important to note that these are general trends, and the actual oxidation state of these elements in a compound can depend on various factors, including the nature of the other elements present, the pH of the solution, and the specific chemical reactions involved. Therefore, oxidation states can vary in different chemical contexts.

Chapter 8. TRANSITION AND INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS page 191