Answer:-

1. Prevention of Waste or By-products: Prioritizing waste prevention over post-creation cleanup and treatment.

2. Atom Economy: Atom economy measures the proportion of atoms from starting materials that end up in the final useful products of a chemical process. High atom economy indicates efficient utilization of reactant atoms, resulting in minimal formation of unwanted byproducts and reduced waste disposal challenges.

3. Less Hazardous Chemical Synthesis: The design of chemical reactions and synthesis routes should prioritize safety to minimize the generation of hazardous waste during chemical processes.