chapter 6. CHEMICAL KINETICS class 12 chemistry textbook solution
3. Answer the following in brief.
x. Derive the integrated rate law for first order reaction.
Answer:-
A → product
The differential rate law for this reaction is given as:
rate = -d[A]/dt = k[A] ...(1)
where [A] is the concentration of the reactant at time t.
Rearranging Eq. (1), we get:
d[A]/[A] = -k dt ...(2)
Let [A]0 be the initial concentration of the reactant A at time t = 0.
Suppose [A]t is the concentration of A at time t.
Integrating equation (2) between the limits [A] = [A]0 at t = 0 and [A] = [A]t at t = t:
∫[A]0^[A]t (d[A]/[A]) = -k∫0^t dt
On integration, we obtain:
ln([A]t/[A]0) = -kt
or ln([A]t/[A]0) = -kt ...(3)
or k = 1/t ln([A]0/[A]t)
Converting ln to log10, we can write:
k = 2.303/t log10([A]0/[A]t) ...(4)
Equation (4) represents the integrated rate law for first-order reactions.